The Volkswagen Jetta Knock Sensor prevents any damage to the engine by detecting dangerous pinging and instructing the computer to adjust ignition timing before anything goes awry. Clamped to the block, the piezoelectric crystal of this device converts peaks of sharp vibration into a voltage that can be immediately read by the PCM. The controller will step back spark timing a few degrees in small steps when knock occurs until the rattle disappears, and then step timing forward again to keep power and economy high. The sensor measures the vibrations continuously each time the throttle is opened due to the possibility of detonation at any given time caused by heat, altitude or low octane fuel, among other factors. The first generation in the 1990s was based on a single wide range unit and was able to monitor the entire engine, whereas the second generation of Volkswagen models moved to smarter devices capable of listening to each individual cylinder to allow corrections to be made more precisely and, in the case of turbo engines, by briefly reducing the boost. Although the hardware is revised, the basic task is still performed. The Knock Sensor listens for trouble, the PCM takes action, and the process repeats itself thousands of times per minute, ensuring the safety of pistons and valves. This mute protector also allows contemporary Volkswagen vehicles to operate nearer to the knock threshold, forcing greater performance and enhanced fuel economy out of the same displacement. In the new Jetta engines the advanced Knock Sensor assists with blends of fuel of different octane to provide spirited acceleration without long term wear. This automatic, round-the-clock protection is a demonstration of Volkswagen's commitment to making fun and reliable vehicles.
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