The Vacuum Pump in the Volkswagen Jetta provides a constant vacuum to ensure that the power brakes and other engine-controlled features remain functional even with low manifold vacuum. The Vacuum Pump is mounted on the cylinder head and can act off the camshaft or have its own electric motor, which pulls air through the booster circuit to create about 12 psi of negative pressure, which keeps the brake pedal light. This vacuum is also directed to HVAC doors, turbo controls and emission valves on diesel or direct-injection versions, such that a broken Vacuum Pump can lead to stiff brakes, minimal acceleration and the cabin being caught at the wrong temperature. Three main styles were installed by Volkswagen over the years. The first models utilised piston or diaphragm units that were actuated by the camshaft; subsequent engines applied small oil-lubricated vane pumps at the cam nose; and more recent models may have an electric module, which uses little fuel since it pumps only when the pressure is low. Vacuum Pumps vary in their drive source and lubrication, and the common trouble indicators include oil leakage, noisy operation or a hard pedal. Volkswagen mechanical pumps share oil with the engine and therefore any metal debris or heat from previous engine damage can easily destroy them; the electric pumps will not, but can easily overheat or suffer bearing wear. Once significant engine work is done, owners of Volkswagen vehicles are advised to install a new Vacuum Pump, as debris may reduce its lifespan, and neglecting the symptoms in a Jetta may be unsafe.
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