The hatchback is then first brought to life by the Volkswagen Rabbit Starter, which converts the battery energy into the mechanical rotary motion that turns the engine. Fitted in a small metal casing, the Volkswagen Rabbit unit is fed by a heavy-gauge cable between the battery and an externally mounted solenoid. At the key turn to START, the solenoid pulls a small drive gear into the flywheel and at the same time connects the high-current circuit to the field coils surrounding a rotating armature. The armature is whirled with the help of magnetic force; the drive gear shifts the crankshaft, and an overrunning clutch allows the gear to pull back as the engine then fires to avoid damage. The early cars employed a direct-drive arrangement, but the vast bulk of subsequent Volkswagen models, including the last generation of Rabbits, have a lighter gear-reduction arrangement, where a planetary gear set is inserted between the armature and the drive to permit the same amount of torque with a smaller, faster-rotating motor. This Starter design maintains low weight and does not compromise torque. Both types have an ignition circuit connected either through a neutral safety switch or a clutch switch that ensures the vehicle does not remain in gear when starting. Although passenger cars are dominated by electric systems, the various possibilities of a Starter are demonstrated by pneumatic and hydraulic systems of heavy vehicles. If the component is well maintained, it provides guaranteed get-up-and-go whenever the owners of Volkswagen cars turn the key in their hatchback.
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