The four-cylinder models are fitted with two oxygen sensors, each pre-converter and post-converter, V6 models fitted with four each. The sensor elements interact with the oxygen in the exhaust to produce varying voltage output to a lean mixture of 0.1 volt to a rich mixture of 0.9 volt. The pre-converter sensor, which occurs in the front of the catalytic converter, provides feedback to the ECM about the oxygen concentration in the exhaust and thus it allows it to regulate the pulse width of the fuel injector and keep the air/fuel ratio at an optimal level at 14.7:1, resulting in optimal emissions, fuel economy and performance. The post-converter sensor, which follows the catalytic converter, has no effect on the air/fuel ratio, but assists the ECM in detecting efficiency of the catalytic converter by generating a slower changing voltage signal. The oxygen sensor does not produce a voltage until it reaches around 600-degrees F when the ECM will switch to an open-loop fuel control mode and depend upon other sensor inputs instead. The correct functioning of sensors needs proper electrical connections, free air circulation, right operating temperature, and usage of unleaded fuel. The ECM is able to detect different oxygen sensor faults and program diagnostic trouble codes and revert to open-loop control when defects arise. It is recommended to warm the engine a little to ease the removal of sensors and to take caution not to get burnt. In changing a sensor, the permanently attached pigtail and electrical connector are to be left in place and contaminants should be avoided in the connector and sensor end. The solvents are not to be cleaned and the sensor must be handled delicately. To replace the sensor which is of the pre-converter type, an opening is first achieved by removing the required parts, and to replace the sensor that is of the post-converting type, the vehicle should be placed safely on jackstands. Electrical connector is to be disconnected, and the sensor could be disassembled with the help of appropriate wrench or special socket. To ensure that the sensor threads could later be removed easily, one should apply an anti-seize compound to the thread, and then the sensor should be installed and firmly tightened after which the electrical connector has to be reconnected and the removal procedure should be followed in reverse.